cisoli.blogg.se - Manufacturing process 3

State-of-the-art science and technology is often not applied in equipment design, process design, or process control architecture, and the consequence is that cycle times and productivity are not optimized. The grinding of steel is a mature commercial process most of the process conditions are based on empirical experience. Traditional Grinding And Finishing Operations The technical challenges to attaining this goal are in the areas of machine tool stiffness, high-level servo drive control, advanced computer numerical control technology, tool materials and coatings, and thermal management of the process. Specifically, improvements related to increased depth of cut and feed rates, as well as high cutting speeds, are needed. These conditions result in reduced chip loads and lower machining forces on tooling and ensure precision of part shape and geometry, particularly for advanced materials in which the present abrasive processes have limited removal rates.Īchieving the goal of increased material removal rates requires advances in the process, equipment, and machine control. Current material removal rates are attained by using relatively low feed rates, low depths of cut, and high cutting speeds. The prime productivity goal of machining is increased material removal rates (MRRs), along with improved precision and accuracy levels in the final part.

processing of new materials such as ceramics.

precision and high-speed machining and.

machine design and utilization for high-speed operations.

Future improvements are projected to be incremental in nature and are expected to be in the areas of: Traditional chip-making processes are mature and have been studied extensively for over a century. Chip-making processes remove unwanted workpiece material by exploiting shear deformation and fracture mechanisms. Mass-change processes can be grouped into traditional (chip-making) and nontraditional processes. Considerations of operation setup time and cost of fixtures and tooling must be included in the evaluation of the process economics. Processing costs associated with mass-change processes are directly related to the material properties of the workpiece and to the tolerance and surface finish requirements of the final part. For example, diamond is used as a tooling coating to process ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. High-performance workpiece materials generally are processed by tooling made from higher-strength materials. Workpiece materials span the spectrum of metals, ceramics, polymers, and their composites. Mass-change processes are employed in most manufacturing enterprises in intermediate and final processing operations. Workpiece chemical composition is, in some cases, affected in a small surface region. 1 In most instances, the workpiece density is not altered however, the material microstructure may be modified, particularly at the work surface. ("How It's Made, Sugar.Mass-change processes are characterized by the removal of material through the use of mechanical, thermal, chemical, or electrical energy. They are then ready to be sold in stores around you. Sugar crystals are then carried and poured down a cute that brings it to the automated packaging machine that fills a 2 kilo plastic bag. Hot air is blown to bring the sugar humidity level down to 0.02% standard for table sugar. The sugar crystals are put into a large dryer. Microscopic sucrose crystals suspended in alcohol is added to the syrup and is left to boil in large vacuum pans that form sugar crystals.

The juice follows other processes that clarifies the juice. Alkalization is the process where the juice is mixed with lime solution for about 6 hours. The juice goes through a process called sulfurtation that bleaches the juice. Canes go through a milling tandem that extracts the juice from the canes. Hammers break the canes down into smaller pieces. The canes are placed onto a conveyor belt that takes the cane through two separate washes. The cut cane is then transported to the sugar mill for processing.

Machines are used to harvest the sugar canes from its base. Sugar canes look like bamboo that can measure up to 6 m high.

Sugar comes from sugar canes as a sweet juice. Sugar is harvested from many different sugar cane farms.